18-18: Legionella Litigation: How Cases are Won and Lost at the Microbial LevelOutbreaks of Legionnaires disease are well publicized and cases often make their way into court. Determining the source of exposure is a key factor in determining responsibility and involves many disciplines, including engineering, water treatment, epidemiology and microbiology. The microbiology of Legionella in the suspected environmental source is explored through examination of culture results. Ideally, the Legionella bacteria causing the infection

as applied to Cooling Tower Design

and costs of the required chemical ingredients

customer requirements

Statistical analysis of data proves the control capability is excellent

Sensor technologies will also be discussed including inclinometers

as well as keeping average insurance rates down

Examination of the results from both high efficiency and low efficiency drift eliminators is included

Examples of evaluations of current conditions and life expectancy projections are provided for cooling towers owned by Appalachian Power Co

This paper presents quantified tradeoffs among wet

This paper addresses these questions provides cost justifications

with proper thermal performance

and 3) 100% softened makeup water without pH control